阿里云硅谷ECS云服务器使用RPM命令安装Mysql8.0

需要帮客户搭建一个WodPress+WooCommerce 的自建站，服务器选择的是阿里云ECS云服务器，机房是美国硅谷，操作系统为Centos7.9,WordPress准备使用Nginx + PHP + Mysql8.0, 首先安装Mysql8.0，安装Mysql有多种方式，之前都是使用yum命令，这次使用RPM方式， 这篇记录一下在Centos使用rpm安装mysql8的过程。

一、环境准备

操作系统：centos7.9

卸载系统自带的mysql记录

[root@xxx bin]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64
[root@xxx bin]# yum remove mysql-libs

依赖检查、设置权限

[root@iZrj9ankp0baz585nmt42hZ home]# rpm -qa|grep libaio
[root@iZrj9ankp0baz585nmt42hZ home]# rpm -qa|grep net-tools
[root@iZrj9ankp0baz585nmt42hZ home]# chmod -R 777 /tmp

二、下载Mysql指定版本

下载mysql指定版本：

进入mysql官网下载页面https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/， 点击MySQL Community Server， 在General Availability (GA) Releases 标签下，选择Mysql版本 8.0.36，操作系统对应Red Hat Enterprise Linux，下载rpm bundle全量包。

 wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
 tar -xvf mysql-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar 

三、RPM安装Mysql

按顺序执行以下命令：

rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

安装过程

[root@xx home]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-common-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-common-8.0.36-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@xx home]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-client-plugins-8.################################# [100%]
[root@xx home]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-libs-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-libs-8.0.36-1.el7################################# [100%]
[root@xx home]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-client-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-client-8.0.36-1.e################################# [100%]

[root@xx home]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.################################# [100%]
[root@xx home]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-server-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-server-8.0.36-1.e################################# [100%]

验证安装结果：

[root@xx home]# mysql --version
mysql  Ver 8.0.36 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
[root@xx home]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
mysql-community-common-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64

服务初始化、查看密码

[root@xx  home]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
[root@xx home]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log
2024-04-09T04:39:24.088952Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.36) initializing of server in progress as process 12223
2024-04-09T04:39:24.096501Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2024-04-09T04:39:25.139975Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2024-04-09T04:39:26.482344Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: hyrdK;/(=6?q

启动Mysql，查看状态

[root@iZrj9ankp0baz585nmt42hZ home]# systemctl start mysqld.service 
[root@iZrj9ankp0baz585nmt42hZ home]# systemctl status mysqld.service 
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2024-04-09 12:41:20 CST; 3s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 12316 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 12340 (mysqld)
   Status: "Server is operational"
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─12340 /usr/sbin/mysqld

启动：systemctl start mysqld.service
关闭：systemctl stop mysqld.service
重启：systemctl restart mysqld.service
查看状态：systemctl status mysqld.service
设置启动： systemctl enable mysqld.service

四、Mysql登录

首次登录：

[root@iZrj9ankp0baz585nmt42hZ home]# mysql -uroot -p 
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.36

Copyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

修改初始密码：

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'xxx';

设置远程登录：

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select Host,User from user;
+-----------+------------------+
| Host      | User             |
+-----------+------------------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema |
| localhost | mysql.session    |
| localhost | mysql.sys        |
| localhost | root             |
+-----------+------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update user set host = '%' where user ='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

五、配置修改

Linux下大小写规则，Mysql在Linux环境下，数据库、表名、表别名、变量名是严格区分大小写的，如果需要设置为大小写不敏感，在Mysql5.7版本下 需要修改配置文件 my.conf ，设置 lower_case_table_names=1

[root@xx home]# vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
lower_case_table_names=1

在Mysql8.0 下，需要做以下步骤：

• 停止Mysql8.0 服务， systemctl stop mysqld
• 删除/var/lib/mysql 下所有文件
• 重新执行 mysqld –initialize
• 启动mysql
• 操作之前做好备份

以上就已经在阿里云ECS云服务器上安装Mysql8.0的步骤。